Layer 1 (L1)
A base blockchain network like Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Solana that processes and finalizes transactions on its own.
Explained Simply
Layer 1 refers to the base blockchain itself — the foundational network where transactions are ultimately settled. Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Avalanche, and Cardano are all Layer 1 blockchains. Each L1 makes different trade-offs between decentralization, security, and scalability (the blockchain trilemma). L1s compete on transaction speed, cost, developer tools, and ecosystem size. Ethereum is the largest L1 by total value locked and developer activity, while Solana leads in transaction throughput.
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